Stretch Marks: What Are They?

Stretch marks are areas of the skin where the deep dermis, located between the epidermis and hypodermis, spontaneously tears. When this happens, it appears as stretch marks resembling scars in length, reddish-purple, and are inflammatory. Over time, they become lighter and pearly, almost the same color as the skin. Stretch marks are mainly found on the abdomen, breasts, arms, buttocks, and thighs. Very common, they can appear during pregnancy, during a sudden and significant weight gain or loss, as well as in adolescence.

There are two types of stretch marks:

•    Stretch marks revealing a health problem

Cushing's syndrome, caused by an excess of corticosteroids in the body, is responsible for major stretch marks. These are typically large, red, vertical, and are found on the abdomen, thighs, and arms' roots, as well as on the breasts. Other signs may be associated, such as very thin and fragile skin, prone to bruising, as well as melting and weakness of muscles or weight gain in the belly and face. These signs should alert and lead to a prompt consultation. Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of cortisol-type hormones, the stress hormone, normally produced in appropriate amounts by the adrenal glands. Cushing's syndrome is most often linked to the excessive use of corticosteroids. It can also appear in the case of abnormal functioning of the adrenal glands that produce too much cortisol.

•    Classic stretch marks

The stretch marks are thinner and more discreet and are not accompanied by any specific health problems. Although they do not impact health, they are often considered unpleasant and cause significant discomfort. No treatment can make them disappear completely.
Mild stretch marks also have, at least in part, a hormonal origin. They can appear during puberty or pregnancy, moments of intense hormonal changes.
During pregnancy, from the second trimester onward, the amount of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, increases and varies the flexibility and elasticity of the skin. The higher the level of cortisol, the lower the production of collagen. Since collagen is responsible, along with elastic fibers, for the skin's elasticity, it becomes less elastic. Therefore, if the skin is stretched (weight gain, pregnancy, puberty), stretch marks can occur.

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